Gender composition and household labour strategies in pre-Famine Ireland

Microcredit In Pre-Famine Ireland

Hundreds of independent, local, quasi-charitable microcredit societies, or $loan funds,# were lending to as many as 20% of Irish households in the mid-nineteenth century. Monitored by a central regulatory authority, funds in the system were successful in mitigating informational, moral hazard and enforcement problems, and thus operated at a surplus in a market where intermediation by the banks ...

Household Division of Labour: Generation, gender, age, birth order and sibling composition

Famine Disease and Famine Mortality: Lessons from Ireland, 1845-1850

10740 words This is an abbreviated version of a paper given at a conference on famine demography at Les Treilles, France, 25-30 May 1999. The longer version is available as Mokyr and Ó Gráda, 1999. We are grateful to co-participants for their comments.

Famine Fevers in England and Ireland *

After the generalized famine fevers had come to an end in England they continued to scourge Ireland for centuries, where their course may be taken as a repetition of the happenings in England in earlier times. During the eighteenth century and part of the nineteenth, large numbers of the Irish peasantry. lived in a deplorable state of poverty; lacking reserves, one or two bad seasons might suff...

efl students gender and socioeconomic status: the use of politeness strategies in the first and second languages

within the components of communicative competence, a special emphasis is put on the “rules of politeness,” specifically the politeness strategies (brown and levinson, 1978) that speakers deploy when performing the request speech act. this is because the degree of imposition that making a request places upon one’s interlocutor(s) has been seen to be influenced by several factors among which, as ...